Autism is classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder
that is characterized by abnormal social interaction, difficulties
with communication, and specific patterns of behavior and interests.
Although the cause of autism is unknown, researchers suspect that
autism is a result of genetic changes or mutations. While there is
disagreement as to the specifics, researchers have identified seven
genes that are prevalent among autistic individuals.
Some estimate that autism occurs in as many as 1 in
166 children in the United States. However, the National Institute
of Mental Health gives a more conservative estimate of 1 in 1000.
For families that already have one autistic child, the odds of a
second autistic child may be as high as 1 in 20. Although autism is
more common in boys, girls with the disorder tend to have more
severe symptoms and greater cognitive impairment.
Autism may not be physiologically obvious. Part of the pre-diagnosis
evaluation includes a complete physical and neurological evaluation.
Some speculate that autism is not a single condition, but a group of
several distinct conditions that have the same outward appearance.
By definition, autism must manifest delays in "social interaction,
language as used in social communication, or symbolic or imaginative
play," with "onset prior to age 3 years", according to the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
With intense therapy and practice and schooling, some children
diagnosed with autism can improve their social and other skills to
the point where they can fully participate in mainstream education
and social events, but there are no indications that a cure from
autism is possible with current technology or advances in medicine.
Some autistic children and adults who are able to communicate (at
least in writing) are opposed to attempts to cure their autism,
because they (and/or the guardians) see autism as part of who they
are.
Recent studies have shown that there is
currently a worldwide autism epidemic. In fact, more than 1.5
million people are affected in the United States alone, with one in
every 250 children diagnosed.
It's true that early detection and early treatment are the two key
factors in improving prognosis -- but too often parents get bogged
down in denial or confusion about this still mysterious disorder,
and are unable or unwilling to take the necessary steps.
The Essential Guide to Autism contains advice and information that
will help you make the right treatment decisions for your child.
Today, many youngsters can be helped to attend school alongside
their peers. Some programs are demonstrating that with appropriate
support, many people with autism can be trained to do meaningful
work and participate fully in community life.
All of the materials on this site have been included for the purpose of
providing general information, and they should not be relied on as a
substitution for professional advice.
